Cooling tower water chemistry parameters water treatment. The fan at the top of the tower induces a draft, which causes water evaporation and cooling. Overview cooling water problems and solutions scale corrosion fouling biological problems total cooling system management. Post treatment of blowdown water from evaporative cooling tower operations to enable reuse on site, preferably for cooling system makeup water. Because the cooling system relies on evaporation, the total dissolved solids in the cooling tower water are concentrated. Proper ongoing treatment is important to process operation and efficiency. The corrosion processes that could occur due to a bad cooling water quality may under certain circumstances be local and by.
Sodium chlorite treatment of cooling water with chlorine dioxide. Introduction cooling tower and heat exchanger efficiencies are of paramount importance in operating any water cooled process found. The specific configuration of your system will depend on several things, including. An introduction to cooling tower water treatment cedengineering. Chemical treatment of water for cooling and heating systems. It is used in cooling tower treatment chemicals for corrosion inhibition or as a tracer to determine the.
Choosing the correct materials of construction may significantly lower the operational costs of a cooling water system. Uy, world environmental technologies, inc when commercial ozone generators were first introduced for cooling water treatment, they were marketed as a standalone treatment, a cureall or panacea. Water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers. Pre treatment and side stream treatment in order to increase the cycles of concentration in the cooling system. Ozone treatment for cooling towers spartan water treatment. Cooling systems using treated municipal wastewater. A oncethrough cooling system pumps water into equipment where it passes over a hot surface in order to cool it. Oct 26, 2016 a cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. Because it is at a higher temperature than the cooling water used for other purposes known as the lt cooling, the water for cooling the engine is known as the ht high temperature cooling water. Cooling water treatment for industrial cooling water systems. This treatment protects the chillers and cooling tower equipment.
Many of these problems are preventable through proper cooling water chemistry treatment. Sodium chlorite treatment of cooling water with chlorine. Water treatment and cooling applications for power plants total, they end up consuming a higher percentage of incoming water and discharging less of it. In addition, the use of chemicals sometimes creates a waste disposal issue and can cause building. The critical to quality factors for the cooling water systems are. This bulletin provides information for maintaining the cooling water systems of the marine diesel engines installed in all us army watercraft. Blow down removal of water from a boiler or cooling tower, to reduce water in the system with high concentrations of dissolved minerals in the water increased by evaporation and placed by water with lower dissolved solids. Specifically, it provides guidance in the chemical treatment of cooling water and cooling water systems to prevent corrosion and scaling of metal heat transfer surfaces. As water evaporates in open cooling towers, mineral content suspended in the remaining water becomes increasingly concentrated.
The cooled water is then circulated to heat exchangers or chillers, where heat is added to the cooling water. Gbhepegutl900 general water treatment for cooling water information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to users is believed to be accurate and correct at time of going to press, and is given in good faith, but it is for the user to satisfy itself of the suitability of the. For an industrial company using a cooling tower for its facility, some type of cooling tower water treatment system is usually necessary to ensure an efficient. Analysis and optimization of open circulating cooling water. The open evaporative cooling system provide ample opportunity to recycle water. Open circulating cooling water system is widely used in process industry. Because there have been many misconceptions regarding ozone, this. Cooling water treatment for diesel engines on ships. These requirements are to ensure operation of the water systems pose minimal hazard to users of the systems at the kilkenny site.
Oct 17, 20 general water treatment for cooling water 1. Treatment of tempered cooling water in a closed loop for lng production. Treatment shall consist of monthly site visits with analysis of water conditions and adjustment of chemical treatment to maintain specified levels. Therefore any proposed water treatment must take into account all the chemical and physical processes occurring in the system, and may have to be a.
The chemical treatment of cooling water, 2nd edition hardcover july 7, 1983 by james w. Treatment chemicals in which e and cr are the evaporation and the recirculation rates in gallons per minute gpm and at is the temperature difference f between the hot and. Internal chemical and external equipment based treatment possibilities and limitations have been discussed. Cooling water treatment and analysing background correct cooling water treatment and followup of the cooling water condition are of utmost importance for keeping the cooling water systems of the engines in good condition. Technologies which leverage existing processes and infrastructure such. Power plant cooling water treatment technologies1,3,4. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft fan recirc pump return water supply water a tower cools water by evaporation by drawing high volume air across the water surface, which transfers heat to the atmosphere. Ozone treatment of cooling tower water is not feasible in all situations and hence traditional chemical treatment of cooling tower water is the only alternative. Standard chemical treatment of pilotscale cooling towers by. They are found in public buildings, industrial production systems or power plants. Cooling tower basics evaporation removes about 1,000 btulbof water evaporation rate 1. Water treatment as the program of the division of water, air, and waste. Cooling water treatment chemicals inhibitors and microbial.
Testing and evaluation of a chemicalfree cooling tower. Cooling loops remove waste heat from the process and function by allowing water to. The seawater direction cooling technology is a cooling water treatment technology. What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how does. This reduces efficiency, shortens plant life and makes your operation unreliable and unsafe. A comprehensive cooling water treatment program using. Aquatower 192 is a blended liquid corrosion inhibitor and deposition preventative formulated for use in open. Targets of cooling water treatment in open and closed circuits were pointed out. Cooling water treatment biocide product description and application nalco 7330 is a broadspectrum, nonoxldizng biocide approved for use in recirculating cooling towers, closed loop cooling systems air washers and brewery pasteurizers.
Aquatower 171 is a concentrated blended liquid corrosion inhibitor and deposition preventative formulated for use in open recirculating evaporative cooling systems. This book identifies the whole bunch of problems due to. Diehl road naperville, illinois 605631198 800 4249300 24 hours chemtrec 00 other instability health flammability. Water is lost from the system primarily through evaporation. Principles and practice table of contents introduction. If you have are using cooling water with high resistant materials to reach high concentration cycles you will have a different specification as when you have austenitic steels like aisi 304. The fundamentals of water treatment technology a training workshop for stasmo presented by. In glycol systems, glycol concentration, inhibitors and reserve alkalinity, as recommended by the glycol manufacturer. Sufficient information is included in this paper for a water treatment engineer to design, manufacture, and apply scale and corrosion control remedies throughout a wide range of conditions. Biofilm captures and builds deposits of particles from the water and from the air that is sucked through the tower. Specialized for more than 70 years in fine chemistry, the. Water treatment and cooling applications for power plants. Cooling water treatment for industrial cooling water. Revision 4 of the water treatment program manual dated may 2005 was issued to reflect technical.
A cooling tower functions to cool a circulating stream of water see figure 1. The current state of water treatment in gsa buildings is to use conventional chemical based cooling tower water treatment to maintain cooling tower water quality and contract out this specialized service to a thirdparty company specializing in such service. Diehl road naperville, illinois 605631198 800 4249300 24 hours chemtrec 00 other instability health. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Traditional water treatment approaches rely on chemicals to extend the ability of the water to hold scaling minerals in suspension, minimize corrosion and prevent biological growth. Process for ozone treatment of cooling tower water field tests have demonstrated that the use of ozone in place of chemical treatment can reduce the need for blow down, and, in some cases where makeup water and ambient air are relatively clean, can eliminate it. Revision 4 of the water treatment program manual dated may 2005 was issued to. Nonchemical water treatment uses electrolysis to sequester scale and create a natural biocide cooling towers are used in chilled water plants to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere through evaporative cooling. Treatment of cooling water will be different depending upon the kind of system in use.
Electrochemical water treatment for cooling towers nrel. Tn5 treatment and corrosion control of cooling water. However, this is associated with a very important phenomina trie concentration. Post treatment of blowdown water from evaporative cooling tower operations to. Problems of cooling systems and possible solutions of suitable water treatment have been shown. The water then exits the equipment, taking heat with it. Basic cooling water treatment treatment can be divided into four steps. Watertreatment and chemical conditioning of open and closed. This document is based on the practical experience of chemical engineers working in the field in the main. The open recirculating loop of the cooling system is comprised of the cooling tower and piping to and from the chiller or heat exchanger. For this reason the cooling water outlet temperature is usually maintained at about 7882c. After with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. Watertreatment and chemical conditioning of open and. Gbhepegutl901 chemical treatment for cooling water information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to users is believed to be accurate and correct at time of going to press, and is given in good faith, but it is for the user to satisfy itself of the suitability of the information for.
About 60 percent of all power plants in the us and almost every plant built on the west coast feature wetrecirculating systems. There are two basic strategies, as indicated in figure 1. Dry cooling systems use air instead of water to cool. Seawater is used as industrial cooling water, both of domestic and overseas mainly use dc cooling water. Measurement taken at the site included the flow of makeup water to the cooling towers and the blowdown flow rate from the cooling tower basins. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization.
What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec. An evaporative cooling water system consists of a heat source, cooling tower, recirculating water pump, interconnect ing piping, and water to transport heat from. These solids are present because of makeup water contamination, by internal. Alternative water treatment technologies for cooling tower. Cooling tower water quality spx cooling technologies. Pdf chemical treatment for cooling water gerard hawkins.
Audit and assessment cooling water pretreatment chemical applications monitoring before effective treatment can be provided, a thorough assessment of conditions in your cooling water system must be made. Gbhepegutl901 chemical treatment for cooling water information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to users is believed to be accurate and correct at time of going to press, and is given in good faith, but it is for the user to satisfy itself of the suitability of the information for its own particular purpose. Safety is a priority both with our cooling water chemical treatment programs and the environment. The chemical treatment of the microbiology of cooling water cooling water 2nd edition james w. A supplement to the epri 2012 rfi for those unfamiliar with the power industry this slide deck is meant to serve as a brief guide through the resources available for the epri 2012 development of innovative water treatment and cooling technologies for power plant water consumption reduction request for information rfi.
Traditional water treatment approaches rely on chemicals to. The aquaprox company is the water treatment subsidiary of the protex. Almost every cooling system using water is degraded by deposition, corrosion and microbiological fouling. To assist installation personnel responsible for operating cooling systems, a list of lessons learned over the past 15 years has been assembled. The chemical treatment of cooling water, 2nd edition mccoy, james w. The chemical treatment of cooling water, 2nd edition. Objectives of the treatment to reduce the overall oil concentration in 70 m3 total volume cooling water loop to less than 5 ppm to treat a side stream of the full flow continuously, giving constant improvement to cooling loop. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Additionally, energy measurements include the electrical energy from the. In cooling towers, it is also important to keep the packing material in the tower free from deposits, which are typically caused by biofilm. Consult a competent water treatment company for recommendations before completing the design or purchasing the system. Marketing cooling water treatment xvii 1 cooling system and heat exchange essentials 1 1.
Modern treatment substances and their properties in. These systems are composed of an evaporator unit, a cooling tower, or an evaporative condenser. In a welldesigned and operated cooling tower, even with a good water quality control system, a portion of this water in the cooling tower is constantly flushed to make sure that solids buildup does not damage the equipment. These units mix air and water and allow some of the water to evaporate, cooling the balance of the water volume. Nalco water offers a full array of cooling water treatment solutions including chemicals, equipment, automation and software, designed to safely optimize cooling system performance while conserving water and minimizing waste. From the sump cool water is pumped back to the heat exchanger. The goal is water that runs free and clean, maximizing its ability to absorb heat and carry it away, so your systems stay cool.
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